iOS - Swift vs Objective C

Source: switf inforworld

Vocabulary:

1. that cling to fading paradigms
2. all the warts you’d expect
3. carries over to Objective-C.
4. Swift again relieves you from
5. Benchmarks for Swift code performance continue to
6. Further improvements were observed
7. The enhancements also enabled Swift
8. to outperform C++ 
9. One issue that has plagued Objective-C 
10. potential pitfalls
11. executable chunks
12. app bundle downloaded
13. ability to defer loading
14. are a boon to experienced developers

Text:
Programming languages don’t die easily, but development shops that cling (=agarram) to fading paradigms do. If you're developing apps for mobile devices and you haven't investigated Swift, take note: Swift will not only supplant Objective-C when it comes to developing apps for the Mac, iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, and devices to come, but it will also replace C for embedded programming on Apple platforms.

Thanks to several key features, Swift has the potential to become the de-facto programming language for creating immersive, responsive, consumer-facing applications for years to come.

Apple appears to have big goals for Swift. It has optimized the compiler for performance and the language for development, and it alludes to Swift being “designed to scale from ‘hello, world’ to an entire operating system” in Swift’s documentation. While Apple hasn’t stated all its goals for the language yet, the launches of Xcode 6, Playgrounds, and Swift together signal Apple’s intent to make app development easier and more approachable than with any other development tool chain.

Here are 10 reasons to get ahead of the game by starting to work with Swift now.

1. Swift is easier to read

Objective-C suffers all the warts (=verrugas) you’d expect from a language built on C. To differentiate keywords and types from C types, Objective-C introduced new keywords using the @ symbol. Because Swift isn’t built on C, it can unify all the keywords and remove the numerous @ symbols in front of every Objective-C type or object-related keyword.

Swift drops legacy conventions. Thus, you no longer need semicolons to end lines or parenthesis to surround conditional expressions inside if/else statements. Another large change is that method calls do not nest inside each other resulting in bracket hell -- bye-bye, [[[ ]]]. Method and function calls in Swift use the industry-standard comma-separated list of parameters within parentheses. The result is a cleaner, more expressive language with a simplified syntax and grammar.

Swift code more closely resembles natural English, in addition to other modern popular programming languages. This readability makes it easier for existing programmers from JavaScript, Java, Python, C#, and C++ to adopt Swift into their tool chain -- unlike the ugly duckling that was Objective-C.

2. Swift is easier to maintain

Legacy is what holds Objective-C back -- the language cannot evolve without C evolving. C requires programmers to maintain two code files in order to improve the build time and efficiency of the executable app creation, a requirement that carries over to Objective-C.

Swift drops the two-file requirement. Xcode and the LLVM compiler can figure out dependencies and perform incremental builds automatically in Swift 1.2. As a result, the repetitive task of separating the table of contents (header file) from the body (implementation file) is a thing of the past. Swift combines the Objective-C header (.h) and implementation files (.m) into a single code file (.swift).

Objective-C’s two-file system imposes additional work on programmers -- and it’s work that distracts programmers from the bigger picture. In Objective-C you have to manually synchronize method names and comments between files, hopefully using a standard convention, but this isn’t guaranteed unless the team has rules and code reviews in place.

Xcode and the LLVM compiler can do work behind the scenes to reduce the workload on the programmer. With Swift, programmers do less bookkeeping and can spend more time creating app logic. Swift cuts out boilerplate work and improves the quality of code, comments, and features that are supported.

3. Swift is safer

One interesting aspect of Objective-C is the way in which pointers -- particularly nil (null) pointers -- are handled. In Objective-C, nothing happens if you try to call a method with a pointer variable that is nil (uninitialized). The expression or line of code becomes a no-operation (no-op), and while it might seem beneficial that it doesn’t crash, it has been a huge source of bugs. A no-op leads to unpredictable behavior, which is the enemy of programmers trying to find and fix a random crash or stop erratic behavior.

Optional types make the possibility of a nil optional value very clear in Swift code, which means it can generate a compiler error as you write bad code. This creates a short feedback loop and allows programmers to code with intention. Problems can be fixed as code is written, which greatly reduces the amount of time and money that you will spend on fixing bugs related to pointer logic from Objective-C.

Traditionally, in Objective-C, if a value was returned from a method, it was the programmer’s responsibility to document the behavior of the pointer variable returned (using comments and method-naming conventions). In Swift, the optional types and value types make it explicitly clear in the method definition if the value exists or if it has the potential to be optional (that is, the value may exist or it may be nil).

To provide predictable behavior Swift triggers a runtime crash if a nil optional variable is used. This crash provides consistent behavior, which eases the bug-fixing process because it forces the programmer to fix the issue right away. The Swift runtime crash will stop on the line of code where a nil optional variable has been used. This means the bug will be fixed sooner or avoided entirely in Swift code.

4. Swift is unified with memory management

Swift unifies the language in a way that Objective-C never has. The support for Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) is complete across the procedural and object-oriented code paths. In Objective-C, ARC is supported within the Cocoa APIs and object-oriented code; it isn’t available, however, for procedural C code and APIs like Core Graphics. This means it becomes the programmer’s responsibility to handle memory management when working with the Core Graphics APIs and other low-level APIs available on iOS. The huge memory leaks that a programmer can have in Objective-C are impossible in Swift.

A programmer should not have to think about memory for every digital object he or she creates. Because ARC handles all memory management at compile time, the brainpower that would have gone toward memory management can instead be focused on core app logic and new features. Because ARC in Swift works across both procedural and object-oriented code, it requires no more mental context switches for programmers, even as they write code that touches lower-level APIs -- a problem with the current version of Objective-C.

Automatic and high-performance memory management is a problem that has been solved, and Apple has proven it can increase productivity. The other side effect is that both Objective-C and Swift do not suffer from a Garbage Collector running cleaning up for unused memory, like Java, Go, or C#. This is an important factor for any programming language that will be used for responsive graphics and user input, especially on a tactile device like the iPhone, Apple Watch, or iPad (where lag is frustrating and makes users perceive an app is broken).

5. Swift requires less code

Swift reduces the amount of code that is required for repetitive statements and string manipulation. In Objective-C, working with text strings is very verbose and requires many steps to combine two pieces of information. Swift adopts modern programming language features like adding two strings together with a “+” operator, which is missing in Objective-C. Support for combining characters and strings like this is fundamental for any programming language that displays text to a user on a screen.

The type system in Swift reduces the complexity of code statements -- as the compiler can figure out types. As an example, Objective-C requires programmers to memorize special string tokens (%s, %d, %@) and provide a comma-separated list of variables to replace each token. Swift supports string interpolation, which eliminates the need to memorize tokens and allows programmers to insert variables directly inline to a user-facing string, such as a label or button title. The type inferencing system and string interpolation mitigate a common source of crashes that are common in Objective-C.

With Objective-C, messing up the order or using the wrong string token causes the app to crash. Here, Swift again relieves (=ajuda) you from bookkeeping work, translating into less code to write (code that is now less error prone) because of its inline support for manipulating text strings and data.

6. Swift is faster

Dropping legacy C conventions has greatly improved Swift under the hood. Benchmarks (=referência) for Swift code performance continue to point to Apple’s dedication to improving the speed at which Swift can run app logic.

According to Primate Labs, makers of the popular GeekBench performance tool, Swift was approaching the performance characteristics of C++ for compute-bound tasks in December 2014 using the Mandelbrot algorithm.

In February 2015, Primate Labs discovered that the Xcode 6.3 Beta improved Swift’s performance of the GEMM algorithm -- a memory-bound algorithm with sequential access of large arrays -- by a factor of 1.4. The initial FFT implementation -- a memory-bound algorithm with random access of large arrays -- had a 2.6-fold performance improvement.

Further (=outras) improvements were observed in Swift by applying best practices, resulting in an 8.5-fold boost for FFT algorithm performance (leaving C++ with only a 1.1-time performance gain). The enhancements (=melhorias) also enabled Swift to outperform (=superar) C++ for the Mandelbrot algorithm by a factor of a mere 1.03.

Swift is nearly on par with C++ for both the FFT and Mandelbrot algorithms. According to Primate Labs, the GEMM algorithm performance suggests the Swift compiler cannot vectorize code the C++ compiler can -- an easy performance gain that could be achieved in the next version of Swift.

7. Fewer name collisions with open source projects

One issue that has plagued (=atormentado) Objective-C code is its lack of formal support for namespaces, which was C++’s solution to code filename collisions. When this name collision happens in Objective-C, it is a linker error, and the app can’t run. Workarounds exist, but they have potential pitfalls (=armadilhas). The common convention is to use a two- or three-letter prefixes to differentiate Objective-C code that is written, say, by Facebook versus your own code.

Swift provides implicit namespaces that allow the same code file to exist across multiple projects without causing a build failure and requiring names like NSString (Next Step -- Steve Jobs’ company after being fired from Apple) or CGPoint (Core Graphics). Ultimately, this feature in Swift keeps programmers more productive and means they don’t have to do the bookkeeping that exists in Objective-C. You can see Swift’s influence with simple names like Array, Dictionary, and String instead of NSArray, NSDictionary, and NSString, which were born out of the lack of namespaces in Objective-C.

With Swift, namespaces are based on the target that a code file belongs to. This means programmers can differentiate classes or values using the namespace identifier. This change in Swift is huge. It greatly facilitates incorporating open source projects, frameworks, and libraries into your code. The namespaces enable different software companies to create the same code filenames without worrying about collisions when integrating open source projects. Now both Facebook and Apple can use an object code file called FlyingCar.swift without any errors or build failures.

8. Swift supports dynamic libraries

The biggest change in Swift that hasn’t received enough attention is the switch from static libraries, which are updated at major point releases (iOS 8, iOS 7, and so on), to dynamic libraries. Dynamic libraries are executable chunks (=pedaços) of code that can be linked to an app. This feature allows current Swift apps to link against newer versions of the Swift language as it evolves over time.

The developer submits the app along with the libraries, both of which are digitally signed with the development certificate to ensure integrity (hello, NSA). This means Swift can evolve faster than iOS, which is a requirement for a modern programming language. Changes to the libraries can all be included with the latest update of an app on the App Store, and everything simply works.

Dynamic libraries have never been supported on iOS until the launch of Swift and iOS 8, even though dynamic libraries have been supported on Mac for a very long time. Dynamic libraries are external to the app executable, but are included within the app bundle (=pacote) downloaded from the App Store. It reduces the initial size of an app as it is loaded into memory, since the external code is linked only when used.

The ability to defer (=adiar) loading in a mobile app or an embedded app on Apple Watch will improve the perceived performance to the user. This is one of the distinctions that make the iOS ecosystem feel more responsive. Apple has been focused on loading only assets, resources, and now compiled and linked code on the fly. The on-the-fly loading reduces initial wait times until a resource is actually needed to display on the screen.

Dynamic libraries in Swift make it possible for programming language changes and improvements to propagate faster than ever before. Users no longer need to wait for iOS point releases to benefit from any performance or reliability improvements Apple introduces into Swift.

9. Swift Playgrounds encourages interactive coding

Swift’s newly introduced Playgrounds are a boon (=bênção) to experienced developers. The Playgrounds were partially inspired by the work of former Apple employee Brett Victor. Playgrounds enable programmers to test out a new algorithm or graphics routine, say 5 to 20 lines of code, without having to create an entire iPhone app.

Apple has added inline code execution to Playgrounds to help programmers create a chunk of code or write an algorithm while getting feedback along the way. This feedback loop can improve the speed at which code can be written because the mental model that a traditional programmer needs can be replaced with data visualizations in Playgrounds. Programming is an iterative process, and any strain that can be reduced or used to complement the creative process will make programmers more productive and free them to solve bigger problems, rather than focusing on boring details that traditional compilers have imposed on programmers.

Note: From my experience in teaching novice programmers, Playgrounds are not as powerful for beginners as they are for experienced programmers. Simply showing how a variable works in the Swift playground doesn’t help a beginner understand the need for a Floating point variable versus an Integer variable. The need becomes obvious when you show an app that can remember your last scroll position in the Facebook news feed. For beginners, the “why” question can only be answered with a working example: an iPhone app.

10. Swift is a future you can influence

Objective-C isn’t going anywhere, but it won't see as many major changes, thanks to the introduction of Swift. Some Swift features will likely migrate over to Objective-C, but Objective-C’s legacy in C means it can absorb only so much.

Swift provides the development community a direct way to influence a language that will be used to create apps, embedded systems (if Apple ever licenses an embedded framework and chip for third parties), and devices like the Apple Watch.

Apple is focused on providing the best consumer experience and is building only those features deemed worthy of attention. With the Swift 1.2 release in Xcode 6.3, Apple has already fixed thousands of bugs reported with the popular Apple Bug Reporter utility. The team supporting the development and evolution of Swift is very interested in how the language can be improved to better support the development community that builds apps and systems using Swift.

Swift: The more approachable, full-featured language

The bulk of changes that allow Swift to rise above Objective-C stem from dropping the legacy language that Objective-C was built upon. Apple isn’t moving away from Cocoa, which is their API and code library for creating the experiences that feel Apple-esque. Instead, they are providing full-featured parity and making it easier to interact with new APIs that support features like Force Touch or Taptic Feedback.

Many legacy decisions were designed to make compiler design easier. Swift is focusing on making the app developer’s job easier by jettisoning the mental strain of legacy coding practices. As modern compilers improve, more information can be inferred from less code.

With Swift, programmers have half as many code files to maintain, zero manual code synchronization, and far less punctuation to mistype -- leading to more time spent writing quality lines of code. Code is now self-documenting in Swift with the addition of optional types: a compile-time safety mechanism for returning a value or no value, which is a common issue with asynchronous operations, network failures, invalid user input, or data validation errors. ARC is unified in Swift between both procedural C-style code, as well as object-oriented code using Apple’s Cocoa framework.

Developers will find that they write less code in Swift, and modern language features support them in keeping lines of code more readable. Swift will keep the entire Apple ecosystem at the forefront of programming as it continues to evolve, thanks to dynamic library support in iOS and Swift. Open source projects, third-party SDKs, and frameworks that integrate with home automation, devices, and social services will be easier to integrate without increasing build times. Swift is almost as fast as C++ in some algorithms and the latest release of Xcode 6.3 and Swift 1.2 point to additional performance optimizations on the horizon.

Add to that the fact that Playgrounds and Swift enable a new way to program with visual feedback that assists the development of algorithms using inline data visualizations. A shorter feedback loop and graphical descriptions make the iterative coding process even easier to start.

Ultimately, Swift is a more approachable full-featured programming language that will allow developers to not only build apps but also target embedded systems like the new lower-power Apple Watch for many years to come

Primeiro ministro da australia deposto

Source: bbcnews

Vocabulary:

1. party leadership ballot
2. who had been plagued
3. to be sworn
4. and resigns
5. had dismissed rumours
6. Ahead of the vote
7. Labor Party in opinion polls
8. he has coveted for at least

Text:

Australian PM Tony Abbott ousted by Malcolm Turnbull

Australia is to have a new prime minister after Tony Abbott was ousted as leader of the centre-right Liberal Party by Malcolm Turnbull.
In the dramatic late night party leadership ballot (=votação), Mr Abbott, who had been plagued (=atormentado) by poor opinion polls, received 44 votes to Mr Turnbull's 54.
Mr Turnbull said he assumed that parliament would serve its full term, implying no snap general election.
The new leader will be Australia's fourth prime minister since 2013

The prime minister-elect is expected to be sworn (=jurado) in after Mr Abbott writes to Australia's governor general and resigns (=renuncia).

Earlier on Monday Mr Abbott had dismissed (=desmintiu) rumours of a leadership challenge as "Canberra gossip" - only to be voted out by his fellow Liberal MPs.

They also voted for Foreign Minister Julie Bishop to remain deputy leader of the party.
Speaking after the result was announced, Mr Turnbull praised his predecessor for his "formidable achievements" as prime minister.

The new party leader said Australia needed to have "the economic vision, a leadership, that explains the great challenges and opportunities we face".
He said he would lead "a thoroughly Liberal government, committed to freedom, the individual and the market".
Who is Malcolm Turnbull?
Served as Minister for Communications under Mr Abbott, before resigning to launch a leadership challenge

Many in his party dislike his support for climate change action and gay marriage
Led the Liberal Party in opposition from 2008-2009 - but lost a leadership challenge to Mr Abbott by one vote
Previously worked as a successful lawyer and businessman - defending former British spy Peter Wright in the "Spycatcher" case in the 1980s
Profile: Malcolm Turnbull

Ahead (=Antes do) of the vote, Mr Turnbull had said if Mr Abbott remained as leader, the coalition government would lose the next election, which is likely to take place next year.
He said he had not taken the decision to launch a leadership challenge lightly, but that it was "clear enough that the government is not successful in providing the economic leadership that we need".
Ms Bishop had supported his bid to become party leader.

The last Australian prime minister to serve a full term was John Howard, who left power in 2007.
Labor Prime Minister Julia Gillard was ousted by rival Kevin Rudd in a leadership vote in June 2013 - months before a general election won by Tony Abbott's Liberal Party and its coalition partners the National Party.

Ms Gillard herself had ousted Mr Rudd as prime minister in 2010.
Mr Turnbull had previously been leader of the Liberals while in opposition, but was ousted by Mr Abbott in 2009.
Mr Abbott survived a leadership challenge in February, but his government has consistently been behind the opposition Labor Party in opinion polls (=pesquisas)

Under the Australian system, as in the UK, the prime minister is not directly elected by voters but is the leader of the party or coalition that can command a majority in parliament.
The outgoing prime minister has not spoken publicly since he was voted out by his parliamentary colleagues.
Current opposition leader Bill Shorten tweeted that "Australia does not need another arrogant, out of touch Liberal leader - Australia needs a change of government".
Analysis: Wendy Frew, Australia Editor, BBC News website
Malcolm Turnbull has always been close to the sources of power, whether it was giving legal advice to Australian media mogul Kerry Packer in the 1980s, or running his own investment bank and later as a partner of Goldman Sachs.
He has now risen to the highest job, a position he has coveted (=cobiçado) for at least as long as he has been in politics. But that doesn't mean it will be all plain sailing from here.
Mr Turnbull holds views that are at odds with his coalition colleagues, in particular, on climate change, gay marriage and making Australia a republic.
No doubt, deals have been done but it remains to be seen how many compromises the member for Wentworth may have made to win support in Monday's ballot.

Alemanha se prepara para a chegada de 40 mil imigrantes

Source: bbcnews

Vocabulary:

1. it waived EU rules
2. Germany has been overwhelmed

Text:
Some 40,000 migrants could arrive in Germany over the next two days, officials say - double the number who entered the country last weekend.
The southern city of Munich received another 3,600 on Saturday morning but there are concerns about how the region will cope with another large influx.

Around 4,000 troops are being deployed in Germany for logistical support.
Germany has become an attractive destination for Syrian refugees since it waived (=reununciou) EU rules.
The government announced in August that it would deal with Syrian asylum applications regardless of where the migrants first arrived in the EU. Up until then, people had to claim asylum with the first EU country they reached.

Tens of thousands of mainly Syrian migrants have been making their way from Turkey, through the Balkans and Hungary to reach Austria, Germany and Sweden.
Migrants have continued to arrive in Macedonia from Greece. More buses were reported to be making their way towards the Hungarian border this weekend.

On the scene: James Reynolds, BBC News, Roszke, southern Hungary
Next to a set of old railway tracks, a long line of migrants and refugees queues for buses to take them to nearby registration camps, which I have not been able to visit.
A police officer calls families forward one by one. "Syria? Afghanistan? Pakistan?" the officer asks in English.
He notes their reply on a piece of paper and lets them board.
A translator stands by to help. At one point, she picks up a rake and clears rubbish from the road in front of the bus.
By contrast to the chaos and panic I witnessed at the same place on Friday night, the atmosphere is calm. The police are courteous and organised.
Volunteers walk along the line handing out sandwiches and bottles of water. The refugee families wait patiently in the sun.

Munich Mayor Dieter Reiter appealed urgently for other German regions to do more to process and accommodate the new arrivals.
He described as "scandalous" the failure of other regions to provide more accommodation, according to state broadcaster ARD.
Reports suggest the government is considering new temporary powers to take control of unoccupied rental property to accommodate migrants.
A large processing hub is planned for northern Germany, on Lueneburg Heath. Trains would take migrants there directly from Austria.

Germany has been overwhelmed (=sobrecarregado), not by refugees, but by an impressive wave of goodwill towards people fleeing war. Donations have flooded in, large numbers of volunteers have come forward and some Germans have even opened up their homes for migrants.
After years of nasty Nazi comparisons over Greece's debt crisis, many Germans are rather enjoying the sudden image boost as a beacon of humanitarian generosity.

But the mood could be shifting. Right-wing allies of Chancellor Angela Merkel have attacked her open-door policy, calling it "irresponsible" and "a political error."
And on Saturday, some commentators in mainstream papers are questioning whether Mrs Merkel's promise that Germany is able to shelter an unlimited number of migrants is really true.
The mainstream feeling remains impressively generous. But the fear is that if things get difficult, will there be a backlash?

Elsewhere in Europe:
a demonstration by the far-right in Hamburg was banned earlier this week but the main railway station was closed on Saturday after left-wing demonstrators attacked a train believed to be carrying neo-Nazis
the city also saw a peaceful demonstration in the city centre in support of tolerance and diversity
thousands of people across the continent took part in a "day of action" to welcome refugees - read more here
a handful of rival anti-migrant protests also took place
the Swiss Football League is to donate 500 Swiss francs ($513, £334) for each goal scored this weekend towards refugee charities

The crisis has exposed deep divisions within the European Union. The European Commission announced plans for obligatory quotas to share out 120,000 additional asylum seekers among 25 member countries.
The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia oppose being forced to take in new arrivals.
Hungary, which has struggled to cope with some 150,000 migrants who have crossed its borders so far this year, has been criticised over how it treats them.
Austrian Chancellor Werner Faymann, in an interview with Der Spiegel (in German), strongly condemned a decision to place migrants on a train after leading them to believe they were heading for the Austrian border when they were in fact destined for a processing camp in Hungary.

"Putting refugees on trains in the belief that they are going somewhere totally different awakens memories of our continent's darkest time,'' he was quoted as saying - comments seen as a reference to the Nazis' treatment of Jews.
Hungary has protested, summoning the Austrian ambassador to the foreign ministry. Hungary dismissed the Austrian chancellor's comments as "utterly unworthy of a 21st Century European leader".
Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban has called on the European Union to give Syria's neighbours €3bn (£2.2bn; $3.4bn) in financial aid to help those displaced by the civil war.
Mr Orban said supporting Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan with such a package would end the mass migration to Europe.

A note on terminology: The BBC uses the term migrant to refer to all people on the move who have yet to complete the legal process of claiming asylum. This group includes people fleeing war-torn countries such as Syria, who are likely to be granted refugee status, as well as people who are seeking jobs and better lives, who governments are likely to rule are economic migrants.

Crise de migração na Hungria onde as pessoas são tratadas como animais

Source: bbcnews

Vocabulary:

1. who shot the video
2. asylum seekers
3. war-torn
4. as laid out in the European Convention on Human Rights.
5. bottleneck at Hungary's border

Text: Footage has emerged of migrants being thrown bags of food at a Hungarian camp near the border with Serbia.

An Austrian woman who shot (=gravou) the video said the migrants were being treated like "animals" and called for European states to open their borders.

The emergency director of Human Rights Watch said the migrants were being held like "cattle in pens".

It comes as Central European ministers again rejected a mandatory quota system for sharing out migrant arrivals.

"We're convinced that as countries we should keep control over the number of those we are able to accept and then offer them support," Czech Foreign Minister Lubomir Zaoralek said at a press conference with his Hungarian, Polish and Slovak counterparts.

The European Commission, with Germany's backing, has proposed sharing out 160,000 asylum (=asilo) seekers a year between 23 of the EU's 28 members.
The Central European states had already rejected the plan, even though they would take in far fewer refugees than Germany if the EU backs it. European Council President Donald Tusk has said he will call an emergency summit later this month if a solution is not found soon.

In recent weeks, tens of thousands of migrants have been desperately trying to make their way to Europe from war-torn (=devastada) Syria and Libya. Many travel through Hungary to Germany, Austria and Sweden - wealthier EU nations with more liberal asylum laws.

Hungary has become a key point on the journey. The footage comes from a camp at Roszke, where large numbers of migrants have built up.

It was filmed by Michaela Spritzendorfer, the wife of an Austrian Green party politician who was delivering aid to the camp, and Klaus Kufner, a journalist and activist.

"These people have been on a terrible tour for three months," said Michaela Spritzendorfer.

"Most of them have been across the sea now and on the boat and through the forest and they've gone through terrible things and we, as Europe, we keep them there in camps like animals," she told the BBC. "It's really a responsibility of European politicians to open the borders now."

Human Rights Watch said migrants were being kept in "abysmal" conditions at two detention centres in Roszke, lacking food and medical care. The group quoted two migrants who described the conditions as only fit for animals.

At the scene: Anna Holligan, BBC News, Roszke

The Hungarian refugee camps have become humiliating holding zones for the thousands trying to cross the country's borders. Journalists are banned from entering, but images shared by human rights groups and refugees are disturbing.

The Hungarian government has not yet commented, but the images will fuel the allegations that Hungary is failing to meet the minimum standards for the treatment of migrants, as laid out (=previsto) in the European Convention on Human Rights.
The Council of Europe has reminded member states that people should not be treated like prisoners.
Many of the people I've spoken to, from Raqqa, Idlib and Homs have become numb to violence in Syria, but their treatment in what is supposed to be a place of refuge is hard to bear.

There is also a bottleneck (=gargalo) at Hungary's border with Austria. Officials said about 8,000 people had crossed into Austria at Nickelsdorf on Thursday and a similar number were expected on Friday.

Existing shelters in the area are full and the army is putting up tents, the BBC's Bethany Bell reports. Exhausted men, women and children are everywhere, some even sleeping on the manicured gardens of Nickelsdorf's neat houses.
With no buses running early in the morning, and just one packed train departing, some have started walking along the motorway towards Vienna, which police have closed to traffic.

On Wednesday, the Hungarian army started military exercises to prepare for a possible future role in guarding the border and stemming the flow of people.
A new razor-wire barrier is also being constructed along the country's border with Serbia, and Hungary said on Friday that it was increasing the number of troops deployed to build it.
A UNHCR spokesman said the agency was "closely following" Hungary's use of soldiers and expected the authorities "to respect rights of refugees whether they are the police or army".

Prescrição por mais doutores negros

Source: new york times

Vocabulary:

1. hotel bellhop
2. is mostly wedged
3. his stately home
4. sweltering day 
5. just plain common sense
6. a nun named Katharine Drexel
7. an heiress to a Philadelphia banker
8. and maids
9. The list of promi­nent Americans who studied within the classrooms of historically black colleges is striking
10. were pivotal in the struggle
11. Along with Xavier
12. of the shoddy schooling
13. overcome years of educational gaps
14. he enrolled at an all-black
15. He headed to Xavier full of confidence
16. untenured and brashly
17. Despite its rigorous science program
18. squandered the talent
19. compelling students
20. strictly tailored uniform
21. which often overwhelms students
22. tests and drills
23. and internship opportunities
24. was something akin to fierce
25. It was jarring to go there
26. The endowments at the nation’s black colleges
27. shortfall by raising tuition
28. Our enrollment is at a standstill
29. he stepped down as the longest-­serving
30. is still meager

Phrasal verbs:

1. take down that system
2. to pull up through education
3. privilege has passed over
4. accounted for 80 percent
5. Instead of (=Ao invés de) receiving != In spite of (=Despite  = Apesar de)
6. laid out the tragic consequences
7. fortunate to catch up
8. laid off some 50 staff

Curiosity:

1. turn large numbers of its students into doctors,
2. To come out of that system
3. the colleges rely heavily on tuition

Text: Norman Francis was just a few years into his tenure as president of Xavier University of Louisiana, a small Catholic institution in New Orleans, when a report that came across his desk alarmed him. It was an accounting of the nation’s medical students, and it found that the already tiny number of black students attending medical school was dropping.

It was the 1970s, at the tail end of the civil rights movement. Francis, a black man in his early 40s, had spent most of his life under the suffocating apartheid of the Jim Crow South. But after decades of hard-fought battles and the passage of three major civil rights laws, doors were supposed to be opening, not closing. Francis, the son of a hotel bellhop (=recepcionista), had stepped through one of those doors himself when he became the first black student to be admitted to Loyola University’s law school in 1952.

Today, Xavier’s campus is mostly wedged (=fatiado) between a canal and the Pontchartrain Expressway in Gert Town, a neighborhood in the western part of New Orleans. It has some 3,000 students and consistently produces more black students who apply to and then graduate from medical school than any other institution in the country. More than big state schools like Michigan or Florida. More than elite Ivies like Harvard and Yale. Xavier is also first in the nation in graduating black students with bachelor’s degrees in biology and physics. It is among the top four institutions graduating black pharmacists. It is third in the nation in black graduates who go on to earn doctorates in science and engineering.

Xavier has accomplished this without expansive, high-tech facilities — its entire science program is housed in a single complex. It has accomplished this while charging tuition that, at $19,800 a year, is considerably less than that of many private colleges and flagship public universities. It has accomplished this without filling its classrooms with the nation’s elite black students. Most of Xavier’s students are the first in their families to attend college, and more than half come from lower-­income homes.

‘‘The question always comes: ‘Well, how did this happen, and why are we No.1?’ ’’ said Francis, who recently retired from Xavier after 47 years as president. We were sitting in the dining room of his stately home (=mansão) in the Lake Terrace neighborhood on a sweltering (=sufocante) day in August as he thought about the answer. ‘‘We decided we could do something about it. And what we did, what our faculty did, was just plain (=simples) common sense.’’

Xavier University exists within a constellation of more than 100 schools federally designated as historically black colleges and universities. To achieve this designation, colleges must have opened before 1964 — the year Congress passed the Civil Rights Act, which banned racial discrimination in all public facilities and institutions — and must have been founded with the express purpose of educating black Americans, though students of any race can, and do, attend them.

The first of these historically black colleges, now called Cheyney University, was opened by a Quaker in Pennsylvania in 1837, at a time when black students were barred from most institutions of higher learning in the North and the South. But after the Civil War, colleges for black students proliferated across the South to serve the millions of newly freed people. They were founded by churches, philanthropists and the federal Freedmen’s Bureau, and then by states, after an 1890 federal law required states with segregated schools to open at least one black land-grant college. By the 1920s, black colleges dotted every Southern state and a few Northern ones.

Around that time, a nun (=freira) named Katharine Drexel, an heiress (=herdeira) to a Philadelphia banker who has since been sainted, used part of her inheritance to open Xavier for black Catholics in New Orleans who were not allowed to attend the white Catholic colleges in town. It remains the only black Catholic college in the country. Its mission is the same as every other historically black college. While many colleges were started to groom the children of the nation’s elite, the goal of historically black colleges has always been to pull up (=levantar, erguer) through education the nation’s most marginalized — first the children of former slaves, then the children of sharecroppers and maids (=cozinheiros) and today the children of America’s still separate and unequal K-12 educational system.

Because of this mandate, the colleges have been one of the most important institutions in building the nation’s black middle class. The list of promi­nent Americans who studied within the classrooms of historically black colleges is striking (=impressionante). Among them are Julian Bond, Ta-­Nehisi Coates, Sean Combs, W.E.B. DuBois, Medgar Evers, Ralph Ellison, Nikki Giovanni, Alex Haley, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, the Rev. Jesse Jackson, James Weldon Johnson, Spike Lee, Toni Morrison, Oprah Winfrey, Marian Wright Edelman and Andrew Young.

The colleges, created as a result of the nation’s system of legal segregation, produced the very Americans who would eventually take down (=retirar) that system. Thurgood Marshall, who argued the Brown v. Board of Education case before the Supreme Court and later became its first black justice, went to Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and Howard University’s law school. Four freshmen at North Carolina A&T State University in Greensboro started the large-scale sit-in movement in 1960. Two Fisk University students, Diane Nash and John Lewis, the long-­serving congressman, helped found the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and were pivotal (=fundamentais) in the struggle for civil rights across the South. The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the most notable alumnus of one of these institutions; he entered Morehouse College in Atlanta at the age of 15.

With black students now attending schools that were once off limits, the percentage of black students who attend historically black colleges has declined from 90 percent in 1960 to just 11 percent today. But the role of these schools has not changed; they are still focused on addressing the needs of those whom privilege has passed over (=ignorado/omitido). Nearly three of four students at historically black colleges come from low-­income families, compared with about half of all American college students, and most are still first-­generation college attendees. Though the institutions account for just 3 percent of all colleges, they award 16 percent of the bachelor’s degrees earned by black students. Further, historically black colleges have always been incubators of black leadership; in the 1990s, the last time data was collected, graduates of these schools accounted for (=responderam por) 80 percent of the nation’s black judges, 50 percent of black doctors and lawyers and 40 percent of black members of Congress. Along (=junto) with Xavier, other historically black colleges like Morehouse, Howard, Hampton and Spelman are also among the top feeder schools for black medical students.

When that medical-­school report came across Francis’ desk all those years ago, he was certain of one thing: The small number of black students entering medical school was not a reflection of their capabilities. It was a reflection of the shoddy (=má qualidade) schooling so many of them received before they ever arrived at the college gate. If Xavier was going build a program to turn large numbers of its students into doctors, Francis knew the college was going to have to do more than just teach science. It was going to have to figure out how to overcome (=superar) years of educational gaps.

Pierre Johnson was just the kind of student the college president had in mind. Johnson grew up in the 1980s on the South Side of Chicago, the oldest child of a single mother who emphasized the importance of education even as she battled drug addiction. School always came easy to Johnson; he worked hard in class and did his homework every night.

When Johnson was 10, his mother became pregnant, and he started accompanying her to doctor appointments. The science of how a tiny group of cells transforms in the womb into a baby, the magic and mystery of the birth process, fascinated him, and something else captured his attention, too, something he had never seen before. His mom’s obstetrician was a black man.

The little boy thought about the way the white doctors at the public clinic had treated his mom with indifference and often disdain. But this black doctor, ‘‘he didn’t look down on her,’’ Johnson recalled. ‘‘He knew she was a good woman who had a problem. And he gave me, at least, something to say: ‘I can do that.’ ’’ Johnson thought to himself that he would become a doctor, too.

A few years later, he enrolled (=se matriculou) at an all-black, mostly poor South Side high school, where he continued to excel in all his classes and dreamed of a life as a physician. On his own, he paged through college guides at the local library, looking for schools with strong pre-med programs. He came across Xavier, which boasted of sending the largest number of black graduates to medical school. He had never been to Louisiana, but he decided, ‘‘That’s where I’m going.’’

Johnson graduated second in his class in 1998. He headed (=se dirigiu) to Xavier full of confidence and expectations. As he moved into his dorm, he found it invigorating to be around so many smart young black people with similar goals. He felt as though he fit in. And then he took his first college science classes. ‘‘It was a pure shock,’’ he said. ‘‘I was extremely unprepared. Stuff that kids knew from high school, general physics and chemistry, I had no idea, none. I had never done poorly academically my whole life, and I realized for four years of high school, I had never been challenged.’’ Johnson’s high school did not offer the Advanced Placement chemistry and biology classes that some of his Xavier classmates had taken. But it was worse than that. Johnson’s high school did not even offer the basic high-school courses, like physics, that are needed to succeed in a typical pre-med program. ‘‘I wanted to be a doctor,’’ he said. ‘‘But I did not even know what the periodic table was.’’

Johnson’s experience is depressingly familiar to Francis. While many students at Xavier and other historically black colleges come from middle-­class homes, have gone to good schools and have parents who graduated from college, too many do not. ‘‘I used to say there was no relationship between being poor and being bright. I watched all of my life young people who were poor and very bright. But research shows if you are black and born poor, you are going to live in a poor neighborhood, going to go to a poor school, and by and large, you are going to stay that way,’’ Francis said. ‘‘To come out of (=sair) that system, you would have to rise much higher than other youngsters who had every resource.’’

During Francis’ decades at Xavier, racial disparities in K-12 education remained firmly entrenched. Black public-­school students are more segregated now than at any time since the mid-1970s. Instead of receiving more resources to help them succeed, black students, almost without exception, get less. National data from the Education Department’s Office for Civil Rights show that black students are the least likely to attend high schools that offer algebra, physics and chemistry. A report released in July by the ACT and the United Negro College Fund laid out (=exporam) the tragic consequences: Nearly two-thirds of black students who took the ACT did not meet any of the test’s college-­readiness benchmarks, twice the national average.

At Xavier, Johnson found himself the embodiment of those statistics, and he was reeling. As he sat in his general biology and chemistry classes, in which even basic concepts were unfamiliar, he tried to quiet the rising panic, thinking that if he did what he had always done, just worked harder, he would get it. A few short months earlier, he was among the smartest kids in school; now he found himself studying all night only to eke out C’s and D’s on the weekly quizzes given by his professors. Johnson realized that if he was going to make it, he needed help. He scheduled an appointment with Professor J.W. Carmichael.

Carmichael, a chemistry professor, arrived at Xavier in 1970, not long after Francis was named president. At the time, Carmichael was young, untenured and brashly (=impetuosa) outspoken about what the college could be doing to place more of its students in medical schools. Despite its rigorous science program, Xavier was sending only about five to eight graduates to medical school each year.

Carmichael’s candor caught Francis’ attention, and he chose him to run the pre-med program and implement his vision. Francis believed that Xavier should not follow the example of most pre-med programs — ‘‘Look to your left, look to your right; only one of you will still be here at the end’’ — which work to weed out students. To him, that model squandered (=desperdicou) the talent of far too many students, especially black ones. Instead of compelling (=atraentes) students to compete against one another, he said, it made much more sense, both morally and practically, to encourage better-­prepared students to help their classmates who weren’t as fortunate to catch up.

Carmichael, who is in his 70s now, is short and a bit frumpy and wears oversize glasses. He is white and grew up in a poor family in rural New Mexico, and he knew something about what students like Johnson experienced when they arrived at college. As the new pre-med adviser, Carmichael worked with faculty members across the sciences to set up a highly structured system to address students’ problems early and direct them toward help.

When Johnson walked through the door of Carmichael’s office, it meant the program was working as planned. The quizzes Johnson did so poorly on in his first few weeks were designed as part of Xavier’s early-­alert system. Carmichael believed that a student needed to know he was failing long before he took his midterm exam. He connected Johnson to tutoring centers set up for each of his science courses. There, Johnson met students from other classes, and they began holding large study groups led by a particularly brilliant classmate who would quickly learn the material and then teach it to others. Students would stay up until the wee hours of the morning helping one another. ‘‘You have almost a hundred kids asking questions, discussing the material,’’ Johnson said. ‘‘To see the material broken down that way was just amazing. And if you didn’t get it, they’d explain it again. And if you still didn’t get it, they’d explain it again.’’

These study groups encouraged just the sort of collaboration Francis had imagined. ‘‘It took the competition out of it,’’ Johnson said. ‘‘It wasn’t, ‘I’m mad because you got an A.’ It was, ‘How do we both do that on the next test?’ We had this feeling if we all stuck together and helped each other, we would make it.’’ Marybeth Gasman, an education professor and the head of the University of Pennsylvania’s Center for Minority Serving Institutions, which does research on and assists colleges that serve large numbers of black, Latino, Asian and Native American students, has carefully examined Xavier’s program and says no school is better at developing students’ shared responsibility for one another’s success. ‘‘It is dumbfounding to see,’’ she said.

What makes Xavier’s program most unusual is its strictly tailored (=sob medida) uniform curriculum in freshman chemistry and biology. The faculty members collaborate on what they will teach and create a workbook for these courses that every professor must use. If professors want to teach something not in a workbook, they must present it to the faculty group for approval. The workbooks take the complicated material in science textbooks, which often overwhelms (=oprime) students, and specifies, step by step, everything students need to know for the class. The faculty members then incorporate regular tests and drills (=desafios), not only to assess students but also to evaluate whether professors need to adjust their teaching. ‘‘This is fundamentally different than the way curriculum is taught across the country,’’ Gasman said. ‘‘What happens with faculty in general: We don’t want anyone telling us what to do in our classes; we pick our textbooks; we know what is right for our students. But they teach to where the students are and not just the way they want to teach.’’

For Johnson, when the workbooks and the study groups weren’t enough, he would spend hours after class in his professors’ offices as they patiently walked him through the material. By the second semester, Johnson was exhausted, but he was earning A’s and B’s again.

Excelling in biology and chemistry is only part of what gets students into medical school. Just as critical to Xavier’s success is the blueprint it created to help students navigate every step in the process of becoming desirable medical-­school candidates. ‘‘Our formula is built on believing there is no point in time where a pre-med student at this university shouldn’t know what they ought to be doing to get into medical school,’’ Quo Vadis Webster, Xavier’s current pre-med adviser, told me. By the end of the first semester, Johnson and other pre-med students needed to turn in the first of many personal statements that were critiqued by the university’s writing center. These essays, written and rewritten several times, would eventually become the ones included in their medical-­school applications.

Johnson attended weekly meetings with Carmichael, at which he continually received checklists and timelines, learned of research and internship (=de estágio) opportunities and met graduates who spoke firsthand about getting into medical school. The pre-med office had Johnson and his classmates gather their letters of recommendation early, made sure they were good enough and then kept them on file until they were needed. Johnson prepared for his MCATs with the help of professors, whom Carmichael had instructed to take the exams themselves so they would know what their students should expect. Wearing a suit and tie, Johnson took part in mock interviews. And when the time came, Carmichael looked over every inch of Johnson’s application to make sure it would pass muster before he sent it out. Webster noted that wealthy students at elite schools pay thousands of dollars to agencies that help perfect their medical-­school applications and for courses that help prepare them for the medical exams. Xavier’s pre-med office, with a dedicated staff of two, provides nearly all of these services free.

Former students told me again and again that Carmichael’s involvement was something akin (=semelhante) to fierce parenting; he believed in his students and would not let them fail. He would stand in the hall, near a wall decorated with the photos of smiling Xavierites who had become doctors, and reprimand students who professors reported had missed a class or a deadline. Students had to turn in cards signed by their professors showing how they had done on quizzes. Carmichael would send letters to parents on brightly colored paper saying, ‘‘Your child wants to go to medical school,’’ but warning that for some reason, the student hadn’t done x, y and z. If that didn’t work, he would pick up the phone and call a student’s home. ‘‘There is a constant monitoring,’’ Francis said. ‘‘We expect you to learn, and if you need support, you are going to get it.’’ He has a name for this system: love and pain.

The system worked for Johnson. After his rocky start, he graduated from Xavier on time in 2002 with a B average. Though the holes in his education continued to challenge him — he had to take the MCATs three times — he attended medical school at the University of Illinois in Peoria, where he was the only black student in his class. It was jarring (=chocante) to go there from Xavier’s nurturing environment. Johnson said he felt like a man on an island; no one seemed to care if he succeeded or failed. But he pressed on, and two years ago, Johnson, who is now 35, completed his ob-gyn residency. He works in a practice in Decatur, Ill., where he sees mothers with sons who remind him of his 10-year-old self, before he learned how hard it would be for a kid like him to become a doctor. Without Xavier, he said, ‘‘I wouldn’t have made it.’’

Historically black colleges like Xavier have written the guidebook on how to educate the nation’s neediest students, but they have always done so with less, and many of these schools are now struggling to survive. Though federal law required states to treat them and predominantly white colleges equally, states never did. Lawsuits over the years have argued that states still fail to do so. In 2004, Mississippi agreed to pay three historically black colleges $503 million when it settled a 30-year-old lawsuit accusing the state of discrimination in how it funded and supported its black public colleges. Alabama settled a similar case in 2006, and in 2013, a federal judge found that Maryland discriminated against its historically black colleges. Louisiana is home to three public, four-year historically black colleges. Last year, the University of Pennsylvania’s Graduate School of Education published a study showing that while these three colleges awarded 40 percent of all bachelor’s degrees earned by black students at the state’s public universities, they bore the largest percentage of state funding cuts.

As they have fought to get their equal share of government funding, these colleges have also struggled to build endowments. Nationally, black students are the most likely to borrow money to pay for school, and they also graduate with the highest student-­loan debt. That means it takes them much longer before they can write checks to their alma maters instead of to their loan holders. Although the colleges helped build the black middle class, the black middle class is often not in a position to give back. Even in the best of economic times, the unemployment rate for black college graduates is more than twice that of white college graduates. An August study released by the Federal Reserve of St. Louis found that a college degree did little to protect black wealth — the median net worth of black college graduates dropped nearly 56 percent from 1992 to 2013, while it rose 86 percent for white college graduates during that same pe­riod. The average black family has managed to accumulate about $7,000 in wealth, compared with $111,000 for the average white household, making it difficult for historically black colleges to find parents and grandparents affluent enough to write big checks for buildings, programs and scholarships. Alumni do give, Francis said, but the donations are often small.

The endowments (=doações) at the nation’s black colleges reflect this stark reality. Howard University in Washington has the largest endowment of all the colleges by far, at $586 million. (The largest endowment among historically white institutions is Harvard’s $32 billion.) Over all, the gap between the endowments of historically black colleges and others has doubled in the last two decades.

Without big endowments, the colleges rely heavily on tuition, making them extremely vulnerable to stagnating or declining enrollments. Because they are designed to serve students with little wealth, they cannot make up the shortfall (=carência) by raising tuition. The average tuition of private historically black colleges is half that of private predominantly white colleges. This means they are often not in a position to pay competitive faculty salaries and build the fancy buildings and other facilities that college students shop for.

Families of students at historically black colleges rely heavily on PLUS loans, federal loans that parents can take out to help pay their children’s tuition. In recent years, the tightening of lending criteria for PLUS loans has caused a sharp drop in enrollment at historically black colleges. In 2012, the Education Department rejected the PLUS loan applications of 14,616 students going to historically black colleges, costing the institutions an estimated $168 million.

Some of the colleges, both private and public, have started buckling under the financial pressures of meeting very high student need with very few resources. Morehouse College laid off some 50 staff members in 2012. The South Caro­lina Legislature threatened to shutter for a year the state’s only historically black college, South Carolina State University, because it could no longer pay its bills after years of declining enrollment and funding cuts. In 2013, after Grambling State University in Louisiana lost one-third of its state funding over five years, the football team protested its crumbling facilities and 31-hour bus rides to other schools by refusing to travel to a game. Cheyney State, the first historically black college, is deeply in debt, and a Pennsylvania state auditor has called the school’s outlook ‘‘bleak.’’ The most unthinkable occurred in 2013, when a board member at Howard, long considered the black Harvard, warned that without significant changes, the venerable institution would be insolvent within a few years.

Xavier is trying to weather its own financial struggles. The university reached its highest enrollment in school history, some 4,100 students, in August 2005. Two weeks later, Hurricane Katrina hit, swamping the campus under as much as six feet of water. Xavier was forced to make repairs and take out loans. One thousand students never came back. ‘‘Our enrollment is at a standstill (=paralisação),’’ Francis said. ‘‘The next few years are going to be very difficult for small schools, and particularly for black schools.’’

This summer, in the weeks before he stepped down (=demitiu) as the longest-­serving college president in the United States, Francis traveled across the country on what he called a legacy tour, visiting alumni and raising money for a scholarship campaign. Under his tenure, the school has helped produce thousands of doctors, enrollment has more than doubled and the endowment has grown from $2 million when he started to $161 million today.

But sitting in his cool dining room this summer, Francis said he also felt discouraged. With just 3,000 students, Xavier is ‘‘too small to be the No.1 institution sending African-­American students to medical school.’’ The college’s ranking, he said, says as much about America’s failure as it does about Xavier’s success.

Despite all of Francis’ efforts, and those of other historically black colleges, the number of black doctors is still meager (=escassa); black Americans make up 13 percent of the population but account for barely 4 percent of the nation’s doctors — about the same as it has been for decades.

In August, just weeks after Francis retired, the Association of American Medical Colleges, the same organization that issued the report some 40 years earlier that he took as a call to act, published another report. Just 515 black men entered medical school last year. Even though the nation’s black population is much larger now, that number is 27 fewer than the 542 black men who went to medical school in 1978.

The way Francis sees it, those statistics should be the nation’s shame. American schools have not absorbed the lessons that historically black colleges have to teach about how to better develop and support talented students stifled in poor communities across the land. Too many universities, he said, are content to recruit the most privileged and high-­achieving students in the United States and other countries. He said he saw historically black colleges ‘‘as the conscience of the nation.’’ But, he added, ‘‘I am not as sanguine about whether this nation fully understands the role we play — what we’ve done for this country with so little.’’

Top Vocabularies of Secrets of the Millionaire Mind

Vocabulary:

1. Harvey, for your unending love and support
2. Solow, for your ongoing assistance
3. I share are inherently true of false
4. I may be biased 
5. I could about the inner workings
6. would take these tools and skyrocket to success
7. habits and traits
8. start well but then go sour on them?
9. whereby what is under
10. have you ever heard someone assert that a lack
11. a child comes out of the womb
12. that bubbles up in your mind
13. filthy rich
14. stocks stink!
15. will rewire
16. were they shrewd investors
17. until that dreaded
18. as my heart sank
19. because he came up sobbing
20. his sleeve
21. then a big grin
22. i'm not fond
23. it just wasn't sinking in
24. i withdrew from everyone and everything around me
25. but the market dried up
26. crummy year
27. if you really want to take off in your life
28. attention seekers make darn sure they never get rich
29. is akin to a big mail-order
30. dazed and confused
31. if feels daunting
32. mock them
33. natural talents to the utmost
34. and start stepping out.
35. how can you be something you despise?
36. the resentment and even outright anger that many poor people
37. i drove a jag.
38. in their outstanding book
39. filthy lucre
40. how we "framed" their actions severe case of the measles?
41. instead of itching
42. instead of scratching, you get bashing
43. and backstabbing
44. she lay there in bewilderment
45. meaning that either you are whining
46. if i had to nail down
47. i will personally anoint
48. feel lousy
49. i stood over the puddle
50. i created after my experience under the tarp
51. the universe abhors
52. rent a boat or a weekend cottage
53. there's the rub
54. to pay a whack of money
55. come from scarcity
56. in a sizzling hot market
57. and how they attained their wealth
58. Rather than say "when ...
59. i reckon
60. some compassion for my plight.
61. he surpassed them
62. build a golden goose
63. he was stiff after every training session
64. as well as owning mortgages or other assets
65. At the beginning of my live seminars

Interesting:
On the other hand
In other words
In general
you generally get paid for your time
get confused

is there anybody here?

get rich

go to school, get good grades

Answers:

1. Harvey, for your unending (=sem fim) love and support
2. Solow, for your ongoing (=contínua) assistance
3. I share are inherently (=inerentemente) true of false
4. I may be biased (=tendencioso)
5. I could about the inner (=interno) workings
6. would take these tools and skyrocket (=foguete) to success
7. habits and traits (=caracteristicas)
8. start well but then go sour (=azedam) on them?
9. whereby (=pelo qual) what is under
10. have you ever heard someone assert (=afirmar) that a lack
11. a child comes out of the womb (=ventre)
12. that bubbles up (=borbulha) in your mind
13. filthy (=muito) rich
14. stocks stink (=fedem)!
15. will rewire (=reconectar)
16. were they shrewd (=astutos) investors
17. until that dreaded (=temido)
18. as my heart sank (=afundou)
19. because he came up sobbing (=soluçando)
20. his sleeve (=manga)
21. then a big grin (=sorriso)
22. i'm not fond (=amigo)
23. it just wasn't sinking in (=afundando)
24. i withdrew (=retirei/desisti) from everyone and everything around me
25. but the market dried up (=secou)
26. crummy (=mesquinho) year
27. if you really want to take off (=decolar) in your life
28. attention seekers make darn (=?) sure they never get rich
29. is akin (=semelhante) to a big mail-order
30. dazed (=atordoado) and confused
31. if feels daunting (=assustador)
32. mock (=zombar) them
33. natural talents to the utmost (=maxima)
34. and start stepping out (=pisar fora).
35. how can you be something you despise (=despreza)?
36. the resentment and even outright anger that many poor people
37. i drove a jag.
38. in their outstanding (=excelente) book
39. filthy lucre
40. how we "framed" their actions severe case of the measles (=sarampo)?
41. instead of itching (=irritando)
42. instead of scratching (=coçando), you get bashing
43. and backstabbing (=traição)
44. she lay there in bewilderment (=desnorteamento)
45. meaning that either you are whining (=choramingando)
46. if i had to nail down (=pregar para baixo)
47. i will personally anoint
48. feel lousy (=péssimo)
49. i stood over the puddle (=poça)
50. i created after my experience under the tarp (=lona)
51. the universe abhors (=abomina)
52. rent a boat or a weekend cottage (=chalé/casinha)
53. there's the rub (=dificuldade)
54. to pay a whack (=pancada) of money
55. come from scarcity (=escassez)
56. in a sizzling (=excitador) hot market
57. and how they attained (=atingiram) their wealth
58. Rather than say "when ...
59. i reckon (=acho)
60. some compassion for my plight.
61. he surpassed (=superou-los) them
62. build a golden goose (=ganso)
63. he was stiff (=rígido) after every training session
64. as well as owning mortgages (=hipotecas) or other assets

Crise migração

source: bbc news

vocabulary:

1. trying to draw up a list of safe countries
2. they are overwhelmed by the numbers
3. trying to fulfil its obligations
4. to uphold border controls
5. chanting "Freedom, freedom"
6. with riot police
7. seek asylum
8. to stick to them

text:

Migrant crisis: Hundreds protest at Hungary station ban

Hundreds of migrants have protested for a second day at Hungary's decision to prevent them from travelling on towards Germany and other EU countries.

They are among 2,000 people camped at Budapest's Keleti train station, having bought tickets for onward journeys.

Meanwhile, more than 4,000 migrants arrived in mainland Greece from the island of Lesbos overnight.
The EU is struggling to agree a common policy across member states for dealing with the crisis.

The BBC's Chris Morris in Brussels says the European Commission, the executive of the EU, is trying to draw up (=elaborar) a list of safe countries of origin that failed asylum applicants can be sent back to.

And an EC spokeswoman said today it was preparing proposals for a mechanism to automatically redistribute a proportion of those seeking asylum among EU states.

Italy and Greece have complained that they are overwhelmed (=sobrecarregados) by the numbers arriving on their shores.

In other developments:
Turkish media say 11 migrants drowned trying to reach Greece
Aid agency Medecins Sans Frontieres tweets that two of its boats have rescued nearly 1,000 people from the Mediterranean
Police in Austria released 24 Afghan migrants who were in danger of suffocating from the back of van
A man was arrested in the German town of Massow after attacking people in a migrants' centre with pepper spray
Eurostar trains between London and Paris were disrupted overnight after migrants got on to train tracks

About 2,000 migrants camped overnight at Keleti station in east Budapest, having been prevented from boarding trains on Tuesday.

They had bought tickets after Hungary appeared to abandon efforts on Monday to register migrants, allowing huge numbers to board trains to Vienna and southern Germany.

Hungary gave little detail on its apparent U-turn, except to say it was trying to fulfil (=cumprir) its obligations as an EU member to uphold (=manter) border controls.

Hundreds of migrants again protested on Wednesday, chanting (=gritando) "Freedom, freedom" and waving train tickets, complaining they had paid hundreds of euros for the onward journeys.

Journalists at the scene said tensions were high with migrants involved in a stand-off with riot (=de choque) police.
A confrontation also broke out an another railway station in Budapest where a group of migrants occupied a platform after refusing to board a train sending them to a reception centre in the eastern city of Debrecen.
Police quoted by Hungarian TV said the "illegal immigrants" held their children aloft and demanded they be allowed to proceed freely to Germany.


At-the-scene: Nick Thorpe in Budapest, Hungary
The stalemate around Keleti station continues. Many families are trying to decide what to do now. Everyone is asking each other the same question - will they be allowed to carry on their journeys or are they stuck here until their money runs out?

Lines of police are currently blocking the entrance to the station. People are very frustrated and very angry.
I was talking to two Syrian girls who said they hadn't washed for days. They said the Hungarians looked down on them, and that hotels and restaurants around the station were increasingly not allowing them in. They feel very humiliated by the situation.
Prime Minister Viktor Orban is due to meet EU chiefs on Thursday to discuss Hungary's handling of the crisis.
Under an EU rule known as the Dublin Regulation, refugees should seek asylum (=asilo) in the first EU country they enter.
But this has proved hard to uphold with border countries such as Hungary, Italy and Greece saying they cannot cope with the numbers.

The German government has already said it will allow Syrians arriving from other EU states to apply for asylum. But on Tuesday, a spokesman said the Dublin Regulation had not been suspended.
"Dublin rules are still valid and we expect European member states to stick to (=cumpri-los) them," an interior ministry spokesman said.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel has called for asylum seekers to be distributed more equally across the EU.
But on Wednesday, UK Prime Minister David Cameron said that taking "more and more" refugees was not the answer.

Greece saw the arrival of 23,000 migrants last week alone, said the EU's border control agency Frontex - an increase of 50% on the previous week.
Many of those arriving in the country do so on the island of Lesbos, where, according to the Kathimerini newspaper, 17,500 migrants were registered in the last week.
Some 4,200 migrants were brought from Lesbos to the port of Pireaus, near Athens overnight.
Greece's government says it lacks the resources to look after so many arrivals, but aid groups say the authorities should be doing more.
Greece's caretaker cabinet is set to convene to discuss the issue later on Wednesday.
Migrants or refugees?
The word migrant is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as "one who moves, either temporarily or permanently, from one place, area, or country of residence to another".
A refugee is, according to the 1951 Refugee Convention, any person who "owing to a well-founded fear" of persecution is outside their country of nationality and "unable" or "unwilling" to seek the protection of that country. To gain the status, one has to go through the legal process of claiming asylum.
The word migrant has traditionally been considered a neutral term, but some criticise the BBC and other media for using a word they say implies something voluntary, and should not be applied to people fleeing danger.
Battle over words to describe migrants
The number of migrants entering Europe has reached record levels, with 107,500 arriving in July alone.
Germany expects to take in 800,000 migrants this year - four times last year's total.
The risks for migrants travelling through Europe were highlighted last week by the deaths of 71 people found in a lorry that had travelled to Austria from Budapest.
EU interior and justice ministers will meet in Brussels on 14 September to address the crisis.

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