Tempestado no Havai

Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/05/world/americas/hurricane-matthew-caribbean.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0

Vocabulary

1. pounded the southern
2. of rooftops
3. projected rainfall of 15 to 25 inches
4. that soaked her bed.

Text:
Hurricane Matthew Pummels Haiti With Fierce Winds and Rain

Hurricane Matthew pounded (=bateu) the southern coast of Haiti with devastating fury early Tuesday, wrecking homes and cutting off transportation, as a broad swath of the Caribbean was pummeled by fierce winds and rain.

The storm, a Category 4 hurricane, made landfall around 7 a.m. at Les Anglais, a town on the southwestern tip of Haiti, the western half of the island of Hispaniola.

“There is major destruction right now,” said Fidèle Nicolas, a civil protection coordinator in the Nippes department in southwestern Haiti. “Lots of rooftops (=telhados) are gone, but fatalities reported so far have been few.” Officials reported that some 400 homes had been destroyed, and at least one person killed.

The National Hurricane Center projected rainfall (=chuvas) of 15 to 25 inches in southern Haiti and in the southwestern part of the Dominican Republic, and it warned that as much as 40 inches of rain may fall in some areas.

In Les Cayes on the southern coast, the storm bent trees and cut off power. In Fond-des-Blancs, a bit to the east, a hospital posted a video showing lashing winds and rain.

Streets in Port-au-Prince, the capital, flooded on Tuesday and public transit was paralyzed. But the mass destruction that was feared in Haiti, the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, appeared not to have materialized. That could change as more flooding occurs, officials cautioned.

Melanie Jean Pierre, a 32-year-old street vendor, said she was riding out the storm in Port-au-Prince with her children. So far, she said, the only damage has come from a leak in the roof that soaked (=encharcava) her bed.

“In normal time, we can barely make a living,” she said. “If this hurricane hits as hard as they are predicting on the radio, I don’t know where I’m going to stay with my three children.”

More than four million children may be threatened by the hurricane, Unicef warned on Tuesday. “This is the worst storm Haiti has seen in decades, and the damage will no doubt be significant,” said Marc Vincent, the Unicef representative in Haiti. “Water-borne diseases are the first threat to children in similar situations. Our first priority is to make sure children have enough safe water.”

Haiti is still recovering from a devastating 2010 earthquake; 55,000 people are living in shelters and cholera is endemic. The country’s southern coast is one of the poorest and most densely populated parts of the country.

The combination of a dangerous storm surge and large and destructive waves could raise water levels by seven to 11 feet above normal tide levels on the southern coast of Cuba; seven to 10 feet on the southern coast of Haiti; four to six feet on the northern coast of Cuba; and four to six feet in Jamaica, the hurricane center warned.

Contrato da Colombia com as Farc foi pro #ZEBELEU

Source: http://www.bbc.com/portuguese/internacional-37526293

Vocabulary:

1. acordo de paz
2. guerrilha
3. contadora

Text: Por que a Colômbia disse 'não' ao acordo de paz com as Farc
Como é possível que um país recuse um acordo que colocaria fim a um conflito armado que se arrasta a mais de meio século e já custou as vidas de mais de 200 mil pessoas?
Esse é o sentimento que tiveram muitos observadores do referendo colombiano sobre o acordo de paz com a guerrilha, realizado no domingo.
Why Colombia said 'no' to the peace agreement with Farc
How is it possible that a country goes back one agreement which would put end in a weaponed conflict which drags more than half century and already cost lives of more than 200 thousand people?
This is the feeling which have already many observers of Colombian referendum about the peace agreement with the guerilla warfare, realized on Sunday.

O acordo requereu quatro anos de difíceis negociações entre o presidente colombiano, Juan Manuel Santos, e o líder das Farc (Forças Armadas Revolucionárias da Colômbia), Rodrigo Lodoño, também conhecido como Timoleón Jimenez ou Timochenko.
Mas esbarrou na opinião pública, depois que a opção por não ratificá-lo foi escolhida por 50,2% dos votos válidos. A diferença entre o "não" e o "sim" foi de menos de 60 mil votos.
The deal required four years of hard negotiations between the Colombian president, Juan and the leader of Farc (Revolutionary armed forces from Colombia), Rodrigo, as known as Timoleon or Timochenko
But bumped into the public opinion, after the option to do not notify it was chosen by 50,2% of valid votes. The difference between "no" and "yes" was of at least 60 thousand votes.

A campanha pelo "Sim" tinha o apoio de Santos e de uma série de políticos dentro e fora da Colômbia, incluindo o secretário-geral da ONU, Ban Ki-moon. Os partidários do "Não" eram liderados pelo ex-presidente colombiano Álvaro Uribe.
Abstenção nas alturas
The campaign for the "yes" had a support of saints in  a series of politicians inside and outside Colombia, including the general-secretary of ONU, Ban Ki-moon. The party people of "no" were lead by Colombian ex-president Alvaro Uribe
Abstention in the high.

Mas o acordo de paz parecia contar com mais entusiasmo internacional do que entre os próprios colombianos. A taxa de abstenção na consulta foi a mais alta em décadas: 63%.
Eleitores ouvidos pela BBC Mundo, o serviço em espanhol da BBC, indicaram que as feridas abertas pelo conflito com as Farc continuam latentes. Durante todo o processo de paz falou-se muito de perdão, mas perdoar 50 anos de agressões e violência não é fácil, afirmaram.
But the peace agreement was looking counting with more international enthusiasm than between the own Colombians. The fee of abstention in the consult was the highest in decades: 63%
heard electors by BBC World, the service in Spanish of BBC, indicated the opened wounds by the conflict with Farc continue latent. During all the process of peace they talked a lot of forgiveness, but forgive 50 years of aggression and violence is not so easy, affirmed.

A contadora Mercedes Castañeda, que mora em Bogotá, é uma das que acreditam que "não" significou "a vitória da Justiça".
"A verdade triunfou, porque havia manipulação nos acordos. Nós não queremos que as Farc tenham um espaço político que não merecem", disse Castañeda.
The accountant Merceds, who lives in Bogota, is one who believes that "it doesn't" mean the victory of Justice.
The truth triumphed because there was manipulation in the agreements. We don't want Farc have one political space who don't deserve it, said Casteneda.

Para Castañeda, a guerrilha forjou seu caminho "com sequestros, assassinatos e narcotráfico". " A Colômbia não se esqueceu".
Já para a professora universítária e jornalista Ana Cristina Restrepo, a oposição ao acordo é fruto do medo - "o grande eleitor na Colômbia".
"Não fomos capazes de dar esse passo. Voltamos ao mesmo ponto de 1982, quando se começou a negociar com as Farc", disse ela.
Pontos de divisão
For castañea, the guerilla pretended her path "with kidnaps, murders and narcotraffic. The Colombia did not forget about it.
For the university teacher and journalist Ana, the opposition to the agreement is due to the fraud - the big elector in Colombia.
We weren't able to give this step. We come back to the same point of 1982, when it started to deal with Farc, she said.
Points of division.

No plebiscito de domingo, os colombianos tiveram de responder à seguinte pergunta: "Você apoia o acordo final para o fim do conflito e a construção de uma paz estável e duradoura?"
Não era uma simples decisão sobre um cessar-fogo.
O pacto elaborado em Havana se materializou em um documento de 297 páginas contendo vários pontos que dividiram a opinião pública e os políticos colombianos.
Uma das partes mais questionadas do acordo foi a garantia dada ao partido político no qual as Farc se transformariam: eles receberiam cinco cadeiras no Senado e cinco na Câmara nos dois ciclos legislativos seguintes.
In the plebisicite of Sunday, the Colombian people had to answer the follow question: "Do you support the final agreement for the end of conflict and construction of a estable and durable peace? It was not a simple decision about stop fire".
The ellaborate deal in Hava was concretized in a document of 297 pages including various points which divided the public opinion and the political Colombians.
One of the parties most questioned about the agreement was the guarantee given to the political party which Farc would transform: they would receive five desks in the Senate and five in the Camar in two following legislative cycles .

Outras objeções foram feitas à proposta de que os culpados de crimes de guerra ou contra a

Japones recebe o premio nobel de medicina

Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/04/science/yoshinori-ohsumi-nobel-prize-medicine.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fscience&action=click&contentCollection=science&region=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=1&pgtype=sectionfront&_r=0

Vocabulary:
Ohsumi used baker’s yeast
floundered at first trying
garbage dump
autophagy goes awry
diseases and aging
to the Japanese broadcaster

Yoshinori Ohsumi of Japan Wins Nobel Prize in Medicine
Yoshinori Ohsumi, a Japanese cell biologist, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Monday for his discoveries on how cells recycle their content, a process known as autophagy.
Yoshinori Ohsumi do Japão ganha premio nobel em medicina
Yoshinori Ohsumi, um japones biólogo celular, foi premiado com o premio nobel em psicologia ou medicina na Segunda-feira para as descobertas dele em como as celulas reciclam o conteudo delas, um processo conhecido como autofagia.

Autophagy, derived from Greek, means “self-eating.”
“This concept emerged during the 1960s, when researchers first observed that the cell could destroy its own contents by enclosing it in membranes, forming sacklike vesicles that were transported to a recycling compartment, called the lysosome, for degradation,” the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm said in announcing the prize.
Autofagia, derivado do grego, significa auto-comer
Esse conceito emergiu durante os anos 1960, quando pesquisadores observaram primeiro que a celula poderia destruir o conteudo de si mesmo colocando-se em membranas, formando vesículas que foram transportadas para um comportamento reciclavel, chamado lisossomo, por degradação, a assembleia nobel em Karoilnksa instituto em stockhold disse em anuncio do premio.

In a series of experiments in the early 1990s, Dr. Ohsumi used baker’s yeast to identify genes essential for autophagy, and he went on to examine the underlying mechanisms of the process.
“Ohsumi’s discoveries led to a new paradigm in our understanding of how the cell recycles its content,” the Nobel Assembly said. “His discoveries opened the path to understanding the fundamental importance of autophagy in many physiological processes, such as in the adaptation to starvation or response to infection.”
Em uma serie de experimentos no começo de 1990s, Dr Ohsumi usou fermento para identificar genes essenciais para autofagia, e ele foi examinar os mecanismos mais destacaveis do processo. As descobertas do ohsumi levaram a um novo paradigma no nosso entendimento de como as celulas reciclam os seus conteudos, a assembleia nobel disse: "As descobertas dele abriram um novo caminh opara entendre a importancia fundamental da autofagia em muitos processos fisiologicos, como na adptação da fome ou resposta para infecção.

Mutations in autophagy genes can cause disease, the assembly said, and disruptions in the process have been linked to Parkinson’s disease, Type 2 diabetes and cancer.
Biography
Like many scientists, Dr. Ohsumi, who was born in 1945 in Fukuoka, Japan, and received a Ph.D. from the University of Tokyo in 1974, floundered at first trying to find his way. He started out in chemistry but decided it was too established a field with few opportunities.
Mutações em genes autofagicos podem causar doença, a assembleia disse, e rupturas no processo foram ligados a doença de parkson, diabete tipo 2 e cancer.
Biografia
Como muitos cientistas, Ohsumi, que nasceu em 1945 em Fukuoka, Japão, e recebeu PhD da universidade de tokyo em 1974, fracassou na primeira tentativa em encontrar o seu caminho. Ele começou em quimica, mas decidiu que era um campo muito estavel com poucas oportunidades.

So he switched to molecular biology. But his Ph.D. thesis was unimpressive, and he could not find a job. His adviser suggested a postdoctoral position at Rockefeller University in New York, where he was to study in vitro fertilization in mice.
“I grew very frustrated,” he told the Journal of Cell Biology. He switched to studying yeast.
He became an associate professor and established his research lab in 1988.
Entao ele trocou para biologia molecular. Mas a sua teste em PhD era inexpressiva, e ele nao pôde achar um trabalho. O seu tutor sugeriu um cargo de pos doutorado na universidade de Rockefeller em nova york, onde ele estudava fertilização de vitro em ratos.

There, at age 43, he made the discoveries that the Nobel Assembly recognized on Monday. Dr. Ohsumi later moved to the National Institute for Basic Biology, in Okazaki, and since 2009, he has been a professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology.
When he received the Canada Gairdner International Award last year, which is given for outstanding discoveries or contributions to medical science, he described himself to The Globe and Mail newspaper as “just a basic researcher in yeast.”
Ali, aos 43 anos, ele fez descobertas que a Assembleia nobel reconheceu na segunda-feira Dr. Ohsumi depois foi par ao Instituto nacional de biologia basica, em Ozakaki, e desde 2009, ele foi um professor no instituto de tokio de tecnologia. Quando ele recebeu o premio Canada Gairdner no ultimo ano, que foi dado pelas descobertas incriveis ou contribuições para a ciencia médica, ele se descreveu para o globo e jornal como sendo uma pesquisa basica em fermento.

He acknowledged, however, that the process was seen as fundamental to human cell survival. “I believe its relevance to many diseases will be discovered in the near future,” he told the newspaper.
Why did he win?
Ele foi reconhecido, porém, que o processo estava sendo visto como fundamental para a sobrevivencia da celula humanaa. "Eu acredito que é relevante que muitas doenças serão descobertas em um futuro proximo", ele disse ao jornal.
Por que ele ganhou?

Cells need to degrade proteins in development and in their normal lifetimes as well as during diseases like cancer, infection and starvation. Biologists knew there was a sack in the cell that seemed like a garbage dump, but few had bothered to ask much more about it. Dr. Ohsumi discovered how cells control degradation of their own proteins, what genes are involved, and what happens when autophagy goes awry.
Celulas precisam degradar proteinas em desenvolvimento e nas vidas normais delas também como duração de doenças como cancer, infecção e fome. Biólogos sabiam que ali tinha um saco na celula que paarecia como um depósito de lixo, mas alguns tinham sido incomodados por perguntar muito sobre isso. Ohsumi descobriu como a degradação do controle de celulars das proteinas deles, quais genes estao involvidos, o que acontece quando autofagia da errado.

Why is his work important?
Disruptions in autophagy are thought to underlie many conditions, including cancer, infections, neurological diseases and aging. And since autophagy is a fundamental and crucial function in cells, it can be important to understand how it is controlled and what its consequences are.
Por que o trabalho dele é importante?
Rupturas em autofagia sao tidas como sendo a base de mutias condições, inculindo cancer, infecções, doenças neurologicas e envelhecimento. E desde que a autofagia é uma função fundamental e crucial nas celulas, pode ser importante par aentender como ela é controlado e as suas consequencias.

Reactions
“All I can say is, it’s such an honor,” Dr. Ohsumi told reporters at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, according to the Japanese broadcaster NHK. “I’d like to tell young people that not all can be successful in science, but it’s important to rise to the challenge.”
Reações
Tudo o que eu posso falar é, que é uma honha, Dr Ohsumi disse aos reoprters no instituto de tecnologia de tokio, segundo a emissora japonesa NHK. Eu gostaria de dizer as pessoas jovens que ninguém pode ser bem sucedido na ciencia, mas é importante aumentar o desafio.

6 motivos para a urna brasileira ser uma das mais imprevisiveis

Source: http://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-37532784

Text: Seis motivos que fazem das eleições de 2016 uma das mais imprevisíveis dos últimos anos

Nesse cenário, uma série de fatores torna o pleito de 2016 um dos mais imprevisíveis dos últimos anos, avalia a cientista política Mara Telles, coordenadora do grupo de pesquisa Opinião Pública, Marketing Político e Comportamento Eleitoral, da UFMG.
Six reasons which make the elections in 2016 one of the most unpredictable of last years.
In this scenario, one series of factors turns the 2016 election one of the most unpredictable of last years, assess the politicial scientist Mara, coordinator of research group Opinion Public, Marketing and Electorial behavior, of UFMG

Como o voto na legenda para vereador pode beneficiar o partido rival
Telles organizou, ao lado do cientista político Antônio Lavareda, o recém-lançado "A Lógica das Eleições Municipais" (editora FGV), que analisa o pleito de 2012 e fatores que incidem sobre o voto nos municípios.
Em conversa com a BBC Brasil, a cientista política identificou aspectos que nortearam as campanhas e deverão, em sua opinião, direcionar o voto neste ano.
As the vote in the legend for city councilman can benefit the rival party
Telles organized, near to the political scientist Antonio, the newly released "The logic of Municipal elections" (editor FGV), which analyzes the election of 2012 and factors which focuses about the municipal votes.
In conversation with Brazil BBC, the political scientist identified aspect which guided campaigns and will, in your opinion, direct the vote this year.

Partidos em baixa
A crise política e o escândalo de corrupção da Lava Jato, que envolve praticamente todos os grandes partidos em suspeitas, reduz a importância das siglas neste pleito, avalia a professora.
"Eleitores mais ideológicos diminuíram um pouco neste ano porque um dos efeitos principais dos escândalos político-midiáticos de corrupção foi afetar as imagens dos partidos e reduzir os vínculos ideológicos entre partidos e eleitores", afirma.
Parties in low
The political crisis and the scandal of corruption of Lava Jata, which involves practically all big parties in suspects, reduce the importance of initials in this election, assess the teacher. "Electors more ideological reduced a little this year because one of the main effects of scandals midiatic politics of corruption was affect the images of parties and reduce the ideologic linkings between parties and electors", affirms.

A conseqüência, diz, é que os partidos nesta eleição deixam de ser "atalhos cognitivos" significativos para o eleitor - elementos que ajudam a formar a decisão do voto.
"Com isso, aumenta o mercado de eleitores 'independentes', que podem mudar constantemente de opinião durante a campanha", afirma Telles.
Segundo a professora, esse eleitor menos identificado com partidos depende mais de informações para formar sua convicção, aumentando a importância da propaganda e a própria imprevisibilidade do pleito.
The consequence, says, is that parties in this election are no longer significative "cognitive shortcuts"  for the elctor - elements which support to form a decision of vote
With this, increase the market of independent electors, which can change constantly of opinion during a campaign, affirm Telles.
According to the teacher, this elector less identified with parties rely more on information to form your conviction, increasing the importance of advertisement and own unpredictability of election.

Para ela, os cenários indefinidos em São Paulo e no Rio de Janeiro, por exemplo, refletem essa característica das eleições de 2016.
"Identidade partidária é um fator de produção de estabilidade do sistema político. Como ela se reduziu em razão dos escândalos, aumenta a volatilidade eleitoral", afirma Telles.
Fragmentação de candidaturas
To her, the undefined sceneries in Sao Paulo and in Rio de Janeiro, for example, reflect this characteristic of elections in 2016. "Party identity is a factor of production and stability of political system. As she reduced due to scandals, increase the electoral volatility", affirm telles.
Fragmantation of applications.

Outra característica dessa eleição, aponta a cientista política, é a fragmentação das candidaturas, com a emergência de partidos de menor expressão eleitoral.
Um exemplo: o PRB, nona força em tamanho na Câmara dos Deputados, lidera as pesquisas com Marcelo Crivella no Rio e tem chances de chegar ao segundo turno em São Paulo com Celso Russomanno.
Another chracteristic of this election, points out the political scientist, is the fragmentation of applications, with the emergency of parties of less electoral expression. One example: the PRB, ninth strength in size of Camara of deputies, leads the researches with Marcelo in Rio and have chances to reach the second turn in Sao Paulo with Celso Russomano.

A morte de Rosetta

Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/01/science/rosetta-spacecraft-to-end-mission-by-sinking-to-its-comet-companion.html?action=click&contentCollection=science&region=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=1&pgtype=sectionfront&_r=0

Vocabulary:

1. spacecraft 
2. part joyous
3. and was blurry because
4. could be matched by a spacecraft.
5. which starred actors from the HBO
6. were shattered by the impact
7. Rosetta’s demise

Text: Rosetta, the first spacecraft (=veículo espacial) to orbit a comet, is dead, setting down in a final embrace with its companion of the past two years.

Radio signals from Rosetta flatlined at 7:19 a.m. Eastern after it did a soft belly-flop onto Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko at a speed of two miles per hour, slower than the average walk.

For the last few minutes, people at the European Space Operations Center in Darmstadt, Germany, watched their computer screens mostly in silence, but with some nervous chatter. When the radio signals ceased, they applauded and hugged in a celebration that was part joyous (=alegre), part somber.

“This is it,” said Patrick Martin, the mission manager. “I can announce the full success of this historic descent of Rosetta toward 67P, and I declare the primary mission operations ended for Rosetta.”

Before Rosetta went silent, it collected and sent back one last batch of data and images, including some very close-up shots of the comet’s surface.

The last photograph was taken at a height of 167 feet and was blurry(=borrada) because the camera was designed for viewing from a distance, not close up.

The spacecraft’s 12-year journey — it took a decade to get there — concluded with quite a few firsts, and quite a few fans.

Comets are frozen remnants that hold secrets about the early solar system, and Rosetta was the first spacecraft to do more than just whiz by one. Scientists have learned a lot from Rosetta’s discoveries, adding pieces to the puzzle of how the planets came together and how life arrived on Earth. One of Rosetta’s key findings is that comets are probably not the source of Earth’s water.

Comet 67P, which likely formed outside of Neptune, was one of the few with an orbit that could be matched (=combinar) by a spacecraft. It is only the second Kuiper belt object to be visited by a spacecraft — Pluto was the first, by NASA’s New Horizons mission last year.

Two years of observation revealed a dormant comet coming to life as it neared the sun and heated up, shooting geysers of dust and gas off its surface. Scientists learned that its shape, resembling a rubber duck, most likely occurred when two comets bumped into each other at a low velocity and stuck together.

The European Space Agency created a series of cartoon videos for children. For an older audience it commissioned a short film, “Ambition,” which starred (=estrelado por) actors from the HBO series “Game of Thrones.” Aidan Gillen, who plays Petyr “Littlefinger” Baelish, and Aisling Franciosi, who plays Lyanna Stark, explained the mission’s grand goals with sci-fi storytelling:

The film was released in October 2014, shortly before Rosetta dispatched a small lander, Philae, to the surface of Comet 67P. On Wednesday, the space agency released an epilogue:


After making its closest approach to the sun in August 2015, Comet 67P is now on the outward leg of its orbit. As sunlight grew more faint, Rosetta was less able to generate power from its solar panels.

Mission managers decided on a dive to collect one last batch of data: close-up observations of mysterious pits that appear similar to sinkholes on Earth.

The camera was expected to make out features as a small as one inch wide.

“It will be interesting to get to look into the interior of the pits,” Mohamed Ramy El-Maarry, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Bern in Switzerland, and a member of the team working with Rosetta’s high-resolution camera, said during a news conference on Thursday.

The instrument that collected and studied dust particles had already been turned off.

During a series of presentations on Thursday, mission scientists described some of their findings, including a variety of “magical landscapes” along with an overall emptiness. They released audio of a “cosmic song,” created by the magnetic fields oscillating in the trail of particles flying off the comet.

Valerie Ciarletti of the Université Paris-Saclay, who helped investigate the comet’s interior with radio waves, said the inside of Comet 67P is about as porous as fresh, powdery snow — 70 percent of the volume is empty space. “It’s very fluffy material,” she said.

Parts of the surface, like the rocky region where Rosetta’s lander Philae wound up, are more dense, with a porosity lower than 50 percent. “It could be something like sand,” Dr. Ciarletti said.

The interior was also homogeneous. There were no big caves or large regions of compressed material.

Thurid Mannel, a scientist at the University of Graz in Austria, described a menagerie of dust particles spanning a wide range of sizes and materials. Many were shattered(=destruidos) by the impact with the device on Rosetta that collected dust particles ejected from the comet. “The dust is very, very fragile,” she said.

The scientists learned much about the comet’s landscape. Dr. El-Maarry described its surface as very dark — reflecting just 3 to 4 percent of the sunlight that hits it. The darkness comes from a dearth of ice at the surface and an abundance of organic molecules.

Some areas are bare rock; others are smooth terrains buried in dust. “You can think of something like a sea of sand being surrounded by cliffs,” Dr. El-Maarry said.

The rocks are cracked with fissures.

“Anywhere we can see that surface and we have good enough resolution, we see fractures everywhere,” Dr. El-Maarry said.

Charlotte Goetz of the Technical University Braunschweig was among the scientists who studied the cloud of charged particles around the comet. When Rosetta first arrived, the interplay of particles from the comet with the solar wind produced oscillations in the magnetic fields that the scientists turned into sound, a “cosmic song.”

Closer in, as more material spewed off the comet, the tune changed. Dr. Goetz on Thursday presented a longer song.

But then, as Rosetta and the comet moved away from the sun, the original song returned.

At the end of Thursday’s presentations, Matt Taylor, the project scientist, thanked the other scientists who he said had “worked their guts out to get to where we are today.”

He said they had mixed feelings: sad about Rosetta’s demise(=morte), and eager to take a deeper look at the reams of data.

“The operations end,” Dr. Taylor said, “but we still have all this science to do, so they’re still happy that we got to this stage.”

1 criança a cada 10 desenvolvem imunidade ao HIV

Source: http://www.bbc.com/portuguese/internacional-37515281

Vocabulary:
globulos brancos
globulos brancos
crianças imunes
imunologico
brooch

Text:
Um estudo revelou pela primeira vez que um pequeno grupo de crianças é capaz de desenvolver uma defesa natural à Aids, doença causada pelo vírus HIV.
A pesquisa, feita na África do Sul, analisou 170 crianças infectadas com o HIV que nunca haviam recebido terapia antirretroviral e, mesmo assim, nunca desenvolveram a síndrome devastadora causada pelo vírus.
A research revealed for the first time that a small group of children is capable of developing a natural defense to Aids, disease caused by the virus HIV.
The research, made in South Africa, analyzed 170 infected children with HIV who were never received antiretroviral therapy and, even with this fact, never developed a devasted syndrome caused by the virus.

Os cientistas descobriram que, nelas, o sistema imunológico simplesmente ignorou a presença do vírus no corpo. O estudo foi detalhado na publicação científica Science Translational Medicine.
A Aids é uma doença que afeta o sistema de defesa do corpo humano. O vírus do HIV ataca (e mata) os glóbulos brancos (células do sangue que combatem as doenças). Conforme eles contra-atacam, tentando combater o HIV, há um sobrecarregamento do sistema imunológico. As células de defesa acabam morrendo por inflamação crônica e o sistema fica vulnerável a qualquer outra doença que acomete a pessoa infectada.
The scientists found out that, in this virus, the immunological system simply ignored the presence of virus in the body. The study was detailed in the scientific publish Science Translational Medicine. The Aids is a disease which affects the system of defend in the human body. The virus of HIV attacks (and kills) the white white blood cell (cells of blood which combat the diseases). When they counter-attack trying to combat the HIV, there is an overwhelming in the immunological system. The cells of defending finish dying by chronic inflammation and the system gets vulnerable for any other disease which affects the infected person.

O que aconteceu com as crianças imunes à Aids foi que o sistema imunológico não contra-atacou o HIV - apenas ignorou a presença do vírus.
Evolução do sistema?
Um dos autores da pesquisa, Philip Goulder, pesquisador da Universidade de Oxford, diz que "travar uma guerra contra o vírus geralmente é a coisa errada" do ponto de vista do sistema imunológico. Segundo ele, ao contrário do que pode parecer, não atacar o vírus pode salvar o sistema.
Esse comportamento é similar ao que alguns macacos têm com o vírus da imunodeficiência símia (SIV). Nesses animais, as estratégias de adaptação à infecção pelo vírus já evoluíram durante centenas de milhares de anos.
What happened with the immune children to AIDS was that the immunological system did not counter attack the HIV - have just ignored the presence of virus.
Evolution of system? 
One of the actors of research, Philip Goulder, researcher of University of Oxford, said that "fight a war against a virus normally is the wrong thing" from the point of view of immunological system. According to him, on the contrary what it seems, do not attack the virus can save the system. This behavior is similar to what some monkeys have the virus of immunodeficiency simia. These animals, the strategies of adaptation to infection by the virus have already evolved during hundreds of million of years.

"A seleção natural trabalhou nesses casos, e o mecanismo é muito similar ao que tem acontecido nessas crianças que não desenvolvem a doença", disse Goulder.
Uma infecção por HIV não tratada na infância mataria 60% das crianças afetadas em dois anos e meio. Mas o estudo pode ajudar a desenvolver novas terapias de imunidade para a infecção do vírus.
"Uma das coisas que fica de lição é que a Aids não tem tanto a ver só com o HIV, mas principalmente com a forma como o sistema imunológico responde a ele", explicou Goulder.
O emocionado discurso da menina de 9 anos que chamou a atenção do mundo para a tensão racial nos EUA
"The natural selection worked on these cases, the mechanism is very similar what have happened in these children who did not develope the disease, said Goulder.
One infection for HIV doest not treated in the childhood would kill 60% of affected children in two years and half. However, the study can help to develope new therapies of immunity for the infection of virus. One of the things which stays of homework is that the AIDS doest not have so much linking with the HIV, but mainly with the way that the immunological system answers to it, explained Goulder.
The emotioned discourse of 9-years girl who called the attention of world to the racial tension  in the USA.

Campanha cria broche para indicar quem está disposto a conversar no metrô de Londres
Para Goulder, as descobertas podem ajudar a encontrar formas de reequilibrar o sistema imunológico em todos os pacientes com HIV.
"Nós podemos identificar, com isso, um novo caminho que a longo prazo pode significar novas formas de tratamento para todos os pacientes infectados com o HIV."
Vantagens para as crianças
The campaign creates brooch to indicate who is willing to talk to in the subway of London.
For Goulder, the findings can help to find ways to rebalance the immunological system in every patient with HIV.
We can identify, with this, a new path that a long term can mean new ways of treatment to every infected patient with HIV.
Advantages for the children.

Esse tipo de defesa contra a Aids é quase exclusivo das crianças. O sistema imunológico dos adultos tende a atacar o vírus com toda força.
As crianças têm um sistema imunológico mais "tolerante" que, conforme vai "amadurecendo", vai se tornando mais agressivo. Por isso é que a catapora, por exemplo, tem efeitos muito mais severos em adultos do que em crianças: a diferença é a forma como o sistema reage a ela.
Mas isso também significa que, conforme a criança cresce, seu sistema imunológico também se torna "adulto" e ela tem mais riscos de desenvolver a Aids.
This kind of defense against AIDS is almost exclusive of children. The immunological system of adults tends to attack the virus with the whole strength.
Children have one immunological system more "tolerant" that, when it gets mature, it becomes more aggressive. For this the catapora, for example, has effects much more serious in adults than children: the difference is the way how the system reacts to it.
But this means too that, as the child grows, its immunological system becomes adult and she has more risks to develope the Aids.

As pessoas que têm HIV podem ter uma expecativa de vida normal se fizerem uso de remédios antiretrovirais. Mas o sistema imunológico delas nunva volta ao normal e elas enfrentam riscos maiores de doenças cardiovasculares, câncer ou demência.
People who have HIV can have one life expectancy normal if they use the antiretroviral remedies. However, the immunological system of them will never come back to normal and they will face bigger risks of cardiovasculares diseases, caner or demency.

A vida simples das abelhas

Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/30/science/bees-emotion-sugar.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fscience&action=click&contentCollection=science&region=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=2&pgtype=sectionfront

Vocabulary:
as far back as

Text:
It is hard enough to figure out emotions in humans — but insects?

Nonetheless, as far back as (=ja em darwin) Darwin, scientists have suggested that insects have something like emotional states, and researchers continue, despite the difficulties, to try to pin those states down.

The latest contribution suggests that a sweet treat can change the way bumble bees make decisions, producing something akin — although perhaps distantly related — to optimism.

It’s like the way a chocolate bar might affect a human being, in terms of actions, if not subjective feelings.

Just to be clear, the scientists who did the experiment are not saying sugar makes the bees feel happy the way people might after eating something sweet. But a treat can change a bee’s brain state so that it is quicker to pursue a reward and to recover from a scare than it would be without a sugar boost.

Whether bees have some subjective experience of a positive feeling, the way a human might, remains an unanswered question. Some recent research argued that the structure of bee brains could allow for some subjective experience. That could be something as simple as a physical sensation, however, not something as general and elusive as, “I feel good!”

Clint Perry, a research fellow at Queen Mary University of London, who studied the bees with his colleagues, reported the results Thursday in the journal Science.

Other researchers have found something like pessimism in bees, something like anxiety in crayfish, and a defensive state that bears some relation to fear in fruit flies.

Dr. Perry decided to look on the sunny side of the street, and targeted a positive emotional state. He worked with Luigi Baciadonna, a graduate student, and Lars Chittka, the head of the Bee Sensory and Behavioural Lab at the university.

The team trained bees to fly to a portal marked by a color, like blue, to get a reward. Another portal, with a different color, like green, would have only water. Then they gave some bees a small sugar water treat just before they were released into the reward chamber and others nothing. This time there was a portal with a color that was ambiguous, like purple.

The bees who had the treat were quicker to go to a door that had an ambiguous color than the bees who didn’t get the treat. The researchers also tried simulating an attack on the bees before they released them, using a mechanism to grab and hold them briefly the way a crab spider might in an unsuccessful attack. The bees who got the sugar recovered more quickly.

They also tried blocking the effect of brain chemicals they thought might be involved in the positive state, like dopamine. When dopamine was blocked, the sugar treat had no effect.

So, call it what you will, but a positive brain state appeared to bias the bees’ decision-making.

Daniel Cattaert, at the University of Bordeaux, who did the research on anxiety in crayfish, said he thought the study was “very well-constructed.” He was particularly impressed, he said, because it dovetailed with a previous experiment on honey bees in which shaking them before a similar test produced a kind of negative state, something like pessimism.

David Anderson at the California Institute of Technology, who did the work on fruit flies and has argued that what he calls “emotion primitives” in insects are more like the evolutionary building blocks of emotion than what mammals may experience, said he did not think the findings were definitive.

There could be other explanations for the results, he said, like confusion caused by a sugar jolt, or interference with memory by dopamine.